Anonymity and exclusion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anonymity and exclusion - Essay Example This culture of anonymity conceals the criminal participation. The unintentional creation of anonymity has rendered loss of information to the society especially through destructive events and passage of crucial time. Some countries regard anonymity as an illegal trend. Most people who have been threatened usually use anonymity as a mitigating factor. In mature democracies like the United States of America, states have the stop and identify policies which requires that a person to abide by self -identity. The concept of exclusion implies the inability of an individual to participate in social, political and economic activities. Hugh-Jones & Reinstein (2009) asserts that social exclusion is regarded as a result feature of unemployment. Unemployed persons have no adequate income to survive hence they are socially excluded from the society. However, employed persons can put up in a polluted vicinity hence rendering life uncomfortable. Legally, this is a two way traffic scenario. Coleman,  S., & Queens University (Kingston, Ont.) (2003). The e-connected world: Risks and opportunities. Montreal: Published for the School of Policy Studies, Queens University by McGill-Queens University

PSYCHOLGOY ( MOTHERS WHO KILL THEIR CHILDREN) Assignment

PSYCHOLGOY ( MOTHERS WHO KILL THEIR CHILDREN) - Assignment Example Since, this is abnormal and unacceptable for a sensible mother. However, the discussion coupled with much time and money spend to yield to a valid reason why infanticide occurrences; this rests with forces of society, besides health complications. Primarily, society contributes immensely to infanticide than one’s mental incapability, which emanates from stress prompted by child’s responsibilities involved (White & Meyer 24). Psychologists, medical practitioners and scholars, via numerous researches from the past, have lacked valid reason why a mother would opt for an infanticide. All what they hold to are speculations, which range from social to medical disorders, and they normally recommend medical check up as an absolute remedy (White & Meyer 73). Conversely, a paternal killing prompts the society to wail loudly for a speedy and tough action against the offender. Speculations arrived at for an infanticide especially from mother’s perspective encompass societal, like depression emanating from salvaging a breaking relationship due to the childs presence (Ian 75). Other occasions may be due to harsh treatment by her spouse where she wants to retaliate to what she has undergone, hence killing the baby. Mothers sometimes due to their immense mercy may opt for infanticide due to what they speculate the child will suffer in the absence of required necessities (Shelton, Yvonne & Kathleen 23). To date, despite numerous and intensive studies, they have not concluded concrete reasons meant for maternal killings. Since, this remains a mystery bearing in mind that the safest people with a child are the biological parents. The world elite to date and in the future will remain to be making mere speculations regarding the causes and remedy for infanticide (White & Meyer 20). Shelton, Joy Lynn E., Yvonne Muirhead, & Kathleen E. Canning. Ambivalence Toward Mothers Who Kill: An Examination Of 45 U.S. Cases

Marketing story analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing story analysis - Essay Example The story under analysis is â€Å"When marketers capture the moment† by David Benady. It was posted in the Guardian on 13th November 203. This piece explains the impact of real time marketing. The author argues that consumers today are more demanding from advertisers. They require witty but relevant messages, which must be delivered in real time. Companies like BMW, biscuit maker, Oreo and Betfair have used this strategy to capture new markets. These businesses have revolutionised consumer reach through social media. Nonetheless, one must invest considerable resources to achieve any clout. Literature review Consumer behaviour The consumer decision model is quite useful in explaining consumer behaviour. Blackwell (2001) explains that consumers often engage in a seven-step decision process. First, they recognize their needs, search for information, evaluate alternatives, buy, reflect upon their purchase and divest. Sometimes stimuli could alter this process. The stimuli may be internal or external. International influences include the knowledge, resources, personality or attitudes of the buyer. External influences involve social class, family, culture or certain situations. In this regard, consumers are active thinkers and planners. Erasmus (2001) disagrees with the above writers by stating that consumer behaviour is not always rational. Sometimes individuals may behave in a non conscious manner. Consumer behaviour is sometimes opportunistic and even disorderly. Using rational approaches may discount the relevance of emotions and other dynamics. 7 Ps The 7Ps marketing mix is a conceptual framework in which key decision makers configure their offerings in order to mach customer needs (Andersson, 1992). Palmer (2004) explains that the tools are useful in short term tactics as well as long term strategies (Chaffey et. al., 2000). Moller (2006) likens the elements of the marketing mix to ingredients of a cake. Their proportions can be changed in order to prepare the perfect cake (Patterson and Ward, 2000). The marketing manager must attempt to trade off benefits of one concept with gains from the other (Peattie, 1997). A company’s marketing philosophy comes from its allocation of resources within the 7Ps (Egan, 2001). This approach separates marketing from the rest of the organisation and allows for delegation of marketing duties to specialities (Ingram et. al., 2007). Some authors disagree with the above sentiments by explaining that not all parts of the 7Ps need to be given equal attention; certain aspects are more cri tical than others (Stratten, 2010). Furthermore, most companies regard product as a distinct component (Jobber, 2010). However, some companies sell a series of products, each of which is connected to the other in the mind of the consumer (Pride and Ferrell, 2010). When implementing the marketing mix, one may consider marketing as culture, as a strategy, or as a tactic (Rafiq and Ahmed, 1995). Communications mix The 4Cs are a fundamental framework used to explain how companies select marketing communications. Scholars posit that this could be done on the basis of control, costs, credibility and communications (Gilliland and Johnston, 1997). If an organization feels that it needs to control message delivery, then it may opt for personal communication mixes (Balmer and Gray, 2003). The financial resources that a company has may affect its ability to exert leverage over the third party that is transmitting the message (Mohr and Nevin, 1990). Credibility in communications is often ascert ained through a third party that seems objective in order to distract consumers away from the actual intention of selling (Houston and Gassenheimer, 1987; Houston and Gassenheimer, 1987). Finally, the geographic dispersion of the target audience will determine how effectively the message reaches its audience (Stern and El-Ansary, 1995). Analysis In the case under analysis, the author feels that consumers in social media have raised their expectations concerning consumer brands

Article Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Article Review - Research Paper Example The article highlights that the millennial group has been slowly surpassing the baby boomers and it currently defines the largest age group. Prior to the emergence of the millennial, many businesses focused on understanding the behaviors of baby boomers in an effort to launch products that suited their needs. The Millennials’ group seems to have entirely different spending patterns and consumer behaviors. This compels businesses to develop new strategies that match the new consumer model. Notably, the millennial have grown up to face challenging economic times that have contributed to their consumer behaviors. They are not focused on making big purchases such as houses and cars. Most of them still live with their parents, and they have not adopted a life of independence. Businesses are struggling to understand the unpredictability of this group who have a high level of education, but with new consumer behavioral patterns. Although the group is currently facing financial challe nges resulting from the economic recession, future projections indicate that they are likely to control the economy in the future (Searcey). This is one reason why marketers are interested in understanding their consumer behavior. The article is relevant to modern marketers who seek to understand the consumer behavior in an effort to determine the type of products launched into the market. There has been an evident confusion experienced by many companies who wish to target the Millennials, but do not have a clear understanding of their consumer behavior. This article presents critical information to marketers in the modern day and in the future. The article succeeds in highlighting the salient need for further research in understanding the consumer behavior of the Millennials group. It serves to place emphasis on the need for companies to understand how the Millennials group

Site to Site Internet Protocol Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Site to Site Internet Protocol Security - Essay Example In VPN Tunneling technology, all traffic is forced through a secured site. Furthermore, one network is able to send its data via the connection to another network. The implementation of IPSec can take place at the end host or in the routers or even in both depending on the security requirements of the users (Doraswamy & Harkins 2003). With IPSec, any piece of information sent from one site to another remains secured due to the involved extensibility of the Internet Protocol layer. In this study, therefore, we will discuss tunneling, architecture, authentication and the associated standards in attempts to describe IPSec protocol. Of all VPNs, Tunnel Mode is the most commonly used in IPSec implementations Tunneling is the transmission of data intended for use within a private network through the public network. In this case, therefore, data is conveyed by a public network, which is the internet, on behalf of the private network. This is achieved through the protection of IP packets by the IPSec in such a way that the original packets get wrapped, encrypted and a new header added before being sent to the other side of the VPN tunnel (Tiller 2000). Configurations of IPSec VPN tunneling can also be done using Generic Routing Encapsulation (GRE) Tunnels with IPSec. The GRE is an encapsulation protocol of an arbitrary network layer protocol over another different arbitrary network layer protocol (Javin Technologies 2005). In this protocol, packets known as payloads need to be encapsulated and delivered to some destination. First, the payload is encapsulated in a GRE packet then in some other protocol before being forwarded. The outer protocol is known as a delivery protocol. "Security in a network using GRE should be relatively similar to security in a normal IPv4 network, as routing using GRE follows the same routing that IPv4 uses natively."

Article of Capital Budgeting Survey Essay Example for Free

Article of Capital Budgeting Survey Essay This research is motivated by two major factors: (1) the  over twenty year hiatus since the last thorough review ofthe capital budgeting survey literature, and (2) past appeals to the finance academic community by researchers to explore  neglected areas ofthe capital budgeting process. In response, and using a four-stage capital budgeting process as a guide, the authors review the capital budgeting survey literature  from 1984 through 2008 and find that some ofthe neglected  areas have infact been directly addressed. Unfortunately, the most prevalent focus of capital budgeting surveys continues  to be that ofthe selection stage. As a result, many areas ofthe capital budgeting process still remain relatively unexplored, providing numerous survey research opportunities. This research effort is motivated by two tnajor factors: 1)  the twenty year hiatus since the last thorough review of the capital budgeting survey literature, and 2) past observations and appeals made to the finance academic community by  fellow researchers to explore neglected areas of the capital budgeting process through more focused and directed survey  research. Richard M. Burns is a Professor of Finance at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL Joe Walker is an Associate Professor of Finance at the University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL. The authors wish to thank the Editor and the anonymous referee for their many helpful comments and suggestions. 78 The first factor stands on its own as justification for an update of the capital budgeting survey literature. The last comprehensive reviews were made by researchers Scott and Petty (1984) and Mukherjee (1987) over twenty years ago. Regarding the second factor, almost three decades ago, Kim (1979) noted that too much emphasis was being placed on methods of ranking and selecting capital budgeting proposals. Scott and Petty (1984) also noted the disproportionate (unjustified) amount of time [spent] on a particular stage (financial analysis and project selection) Further, Gordon and Pinches (1984) generalized this complaint by arguing that the capital budgeting process must be viewed in its entirety. Mukherjee (1987) agreed that further survey efforts need to be devoted to understanding the entire process. To address these two factors, the authors have provided a current review of the capital budgeting survey studies over the past twenty-four years. The results are reported in a four-stage capital budgeting framework that allows a more detailed and clear assessment of the appeals by past researchers. As a result, fertile areas for future applied research in the area of capital budgeting survey work are more easily identified and summarized. The organization of this paper is as follows. In Section I a four-stage capital budgeting process will be identified and used throughout the balance ofthe paper. It provides a useful framework to evaluate in more detail the most prominent capital budgeting survey literature reviews of the past, to highlight neglected areas of capital budgeting research, and to organize past appeals for future research in this area. In Section II this four-stage process will also be used to describe the procedures used in performing the capital budgeting 79 BURNS WALKER CAPITAL BUDGETING SURVEYS: THE FUTURE IS NOW survey literature update over the 1984-2008 period. Section  III will continue to use this framework to present the detailed findings while Section IV will provide an overall summary.  Finally, Section V will present conclusions, comments, and  insights for future survey research. I. Past Reviews and Appeals appears on an executives desk and all that is needed is for the manager to choose the project(s) with the highest expected payoff. However, as most managers quickly learn, this is not the case. Further, once projects are chosen, the evaluation  of an individual projects subsequent performance  is usually either ignored or often inappropriately  handled.  Our contention is that the capitalbudgeting process must be viewed in its entirety,  and the informational needs to support effective  decisions must be built  into the firms decision  comprehensive reviews  support system. In the corporate finance  capital budgeting survey  literature  the  capital  The last budgeting process has been  were made by researchers Scott  described in terms of four The two most significant stages: 1) identification, attempts to assess the and Petty (1984) and Mukherjee 2) development,  3)  balance of research among  (1987) over twenty years ago.  selection, and 4) control.  these four stages were those  The identification stage  of Scott and Petty (1984)  comprises the overall process of project idea generation and Mukherjee (1987), both of which occurred well over including sources and submission procedures and the twenty years ago.^ Scott and Petty provided a synthesis of earlier surveys of  incentives/reward system, if any. The development stage involves the initial screening process relying primarily large American firms and organized their analysis based on a upon cash flow estimation and early screening criteria. The three stage classification: 1) project definition and cash flow selection stage includes the detailed project analysis that estimation 2) financial analysis and project selection, and results in acceptance or rejection of the project for funding. 3) project implementation and review. Citing Gitman and Finally, the control stage involves the evaluation of project Forrester (1977), they noted that: project definition and cash flow estimation is performance for both control purposes and continuous considered the most difficult aspect ofthe capital improvement for future decisions. All four stages have budgeting process. The financial analysis and common areas of interest including personnel, procedures, project selection stage, which receives the most and methods involved, along with the rationale for each. attention in the literature, is considered the least All four stages are critical to the overall process, but difBcult ofthe three stages   the selection stage is arguably the most involved since it includes the choices of analytical methods/techniques used, Also covering surveys of large American corporations, how the cost of capital is determined, how adjustments for Mukherjee (1987) agreed that there had been too much projects risks are assessed and reflected, and how, if relevant, survey focus on the selection stage and not enough on the capital rationing affects project choice. The selection stage other stages as well as the overall capital budgeting process. has also been the most investigated by survey researchers, Paraphrasing that papers recommendations, it called for particularly in the area of selection techniques, resulting in more research into specific questions relevant for each stage. a relative neglect ofthe other stages. This in turn has led to For example, in stage 1, future surveyors were urged to appeals to future researchers to consider the other stages in investigate the reward systems, procedural aspects, and the their survey research efforts. As Gordon and Pinches (1984) organizational structure ofthe firm. In stage 2, more research note: was suggested on the topics of divisional vs. corporate Most of the literature on the subject of capital biases, strategic considerations, cash flow estimation budgeting has emphasized the selection phase, details, data details, cannibalization, risk, and inflation. giving little coverage to the other phases. Instead, Even within the more widely-studied Stage 3, neglected it is usually assumed that a set of well-defined capital investment opportunities, with all of the informational needs clearly specified, suddenly ^ o t e that these two reviews are only three years apart based on publication See Gordon and Pinches (1984) and Mukherjee (1987). Scott and Petty (1984) use a similar 3-stage process. It is interesting to note, however, that an even earlier survey by Gitman and Forrester (1977) had used a 4-stage analysis. date, and that the latter does not cite the former, likely due to publication lags. As noted in the procedures section, this paper uses the Mukherjee format. Furthermore, the title of this paper derives from Mukherjees title. 80 areas were identified such as the rationale for the various methods used, how firms compute their cost of capital, the low rate of risk recognition, the associated low rates of risk adjustment and assessment sophistication, capital rationing (and the low usage of linear programming), and the details of authorization levels. Finally, with regard to Stage 4, more research was encouraged into the details of performance evaluation, how the company follows up on such evaluation, the details of expenditure control procedures, and the reward system for performance. How well these appeals have been answered with subsequent survey research is the primary focus of this paper. In the next section the authors describe the procedures employed to assess the effectiveness of these appeals made over twenty years ago. II. Procedures Consistent with the reviews by Scott and Petty (1984) and Mukherjee (1987), the following criteria were used to choose capital budgeting survey articles for inclusion in this review: the surveys had to involve large US firms, they had to be broad-based (not focused on one particular industry), and they had to be published in mainline academic journals post-1984. Using these criteria resulted in the selection of the nineteen capital budgeting surveys included in Figure 1. The Figure provides, in chronological order, the survey year (which in all cases differs from the publication year), authors, research method, usable responses and the audience surveyed. Each of these 19 survey articles was then thoroughly examined in an effort to identify the stages and areas within each stage that the survey covered. The results of this process are reported in Figure 2 and consistent with Mukherjees (1987) chronological ordering in a tabular form indicating areas of investigation within the four stages ofthe These more specific questions are largely paraphrased from Mukherjee (1987) and are not fully exhaustive. The interested reader is, of course, encouraged to read this very thorough article in its entirety. †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢The initial search using Proquest (ABI Inform) specifying capital budgeting surveys in scholarly journals after January 1, 1984, yielded over two hundred results. However, the great majority were published in the non-mainline journals, including many strictly practitioner (trade journal) outlets and /or were focused on a particular country or industry and thus eliminated by the screening criteria. To insure against missing articles due to any limitations ofthe ABl database, the authors checked the references ofthe surviving articles, and in addition, conducted a manual search ofthe most cited finance journals tables of contents and the reference sections of the various survey articles found. JOURNAL OF APPLIED FINANCE ISSUES 1 2, 2009 capital budgeting process. It should be noted that the Figures herein were slightly altered from Mukherjees original format to better focus on selected issues that were identified specifically as areas of neglect. For example, the category of techniques was divided into techniques used and reasons for techniques used. Similarly, the risk category was divided into risk recognition, risk assessment, and risk adjustment. III. Findings by Stage A quick perusal of Figure 2 reveals an obvious concentration of checks in Stage 3 (selection) similar to the previous findings of Mukherjee. Although a careful look at some of the stage categories individually indicates that several neglected areas have been researched over the period, there is still an obvious and relative lack of research into Stages 1, 2, and 4. To further assess the effectiveness ofthe research appeals, the analysis and reported results in this section will be ordered by the four stages.   Summary comments are provided only  on those surveys which provide a significant contribution to a previously neglected area of capital budgeting survey research. As a result, the findings of Bierman ( 1993), Gilbert and Reichert (1995), Payne, Heath, and Gale (1999), and Ryan and Ryan (2002) are not summarized. A. Stage 1 : Identification Suggested areas of study within this stage include how project proposals are initiated, whether the proposal process is on-going or on an only-when-needed basis, at what level projects are generated, whether there is a formal process for submitting ideas, how that process works when present, and if there is an incentive system for rewarding good ideas.* Unfortunately, there has never been an in-depth survey focused on this stage, leaving no question that it remains strongly neglected. The only contribution of a minor nature to this topic is the incidental finding by Stanley and Block (1984). They found that in over 80% of the responding firms that capital budgeting proposals originated bottom up In the 1987 article, note that on Figure 4, the stages are described somewhat differently from the discussion in the paper itself Specifically, in the body of the paper, the four stages are: (1) identification, (2) development, (3) selection, and (4) the post-audit. But in the table, the 4 stages are idea generation, proposal development, selection of projects, and control or performance evaluation. As in footnote 3, the following suggested areas of study for all four stages are largely paraphrased from Mukherjee (1987).. 81 BURNS WALKER CAPITAL BUDGETING SURVEYS: THE FUTURE IS NOW Figure 1. Surveys of Capital Budgeting of Large US Firms Surveyed Year(s) Survey Author(s) Method Number of Usable Responses 1982 Stanley Block (1984) questionnaire 121 1986 Pruitt Gitman (1987) questionnaire 121 1986 Pohlman, Santiago, Markel(1988) questionnaire 232 1988 Gordon Myers (1991) 1988 1992 1990 1991 1992 Myers, Gordon, Hamer(1991) Bierman (1993) Porterba Summers (1995) Gilbert Reichert (1995) Trahan Gitman (1995) Sample CFOs of Fortune 1000 multinationals VP Finance or Treasurer of largest industrials in Fortune 500 CFOs of Fortune 500 questionnaire 282 questionnaire 282 questionnaire 74 Executives and capital budgeting directors of large US industrials except utilities and transportation Large public firms from FASB Data Bank 100 largest of Fortune 500 questionnaire 160-228 CEOs of Fortune 1000 questionnaire 151 Fortune Magazine Directory CFOs questionnaire 84 CFOs of Fortune 500 + Forbes 200 Managers of foreign manufacturing subsidiaries of US industrials 1992 Shao Shao (1996) questionnaire 188 1992 Burns Walker (1997) questionnaire 180 Fortune 500 7,27,10 7 best-sellling texts, 27 prestigious CFOs, 10 leading financial advisors 1996-97 Bruneretal(1998) telephone survey 1992-93 Mukherjee Hingorani(1999) questionnaire 102 Fortune 500 CFOs 1994 Payne, Heath, Gale (1999) questionnaire 155 USA and Canadian based companies from SP Compustat database questionnaire 111 CFOs from Fortune 1000 questionnaire 392 CFOs from FEI corporations interviews 39 executives of large companies questionnaire 205 CFOs of Fortune 1000 questionnaire 40 top-ranking officers of Fortune 1000 1997 1999 1999 1999 2005 Gitman Vandenberg (2000) Graham Harvey (2001) Triantis Borison (2001) Ryan Ryan (2002) Block (2007) z †¢^ II O) (2002) ueAy ? uBAy o (0 O) †¢a (0 a i2 i2 o u. a †¢o (0 (O O) I O) †¢o 3 OQ a re U 3 D) O6B!)UB9 UBLU|L|Od S (8861.) |StJeiM (Z86l.)ueaJi!OSH!n.id (W6l)|00ia8^8|UBis |L Idea Generation |A. Source of Origination |B. Reasons for Idea Origination |C. Process of Origination Submission |D. Time Pattern of Origination 1II. ProposalDevelopment |A. Level at Which screening Takes Place |B. Screening Process  ¡C. Cashflow Estimates (and forecasting) |D. Responsibility for Budget Preparation (personnel) |lll. Selection of Projects |A. Classification of Projects for Economic Analysis B. Personnel (Department) Responsible for Analysis C1. Listing Techniques Used |C2. Reasons for Techniques Used Dl. Risk recognition D2. Risk assessment D3. Risk adjustment El. Capital Rationing: How Extensive? E2. Capital Rationing Rationale E3. Capital Rationing Methods Used F. Cost of Capital G. Project Approval |IV. Control (or Perfonnance Evaluation) A. Extent of Use of Post Audit B. Personnel Involved/Procedure C. Performance Measurement D. Use of Evaluation (Punishment/Reward/Etc.) 1* Surveys in this exhibit appear in chronological order of their publication. 82 JOURNAL OF APPLIED FINANCE ISSUES 1 2, 2009 o o o o CM o ( ¿ooz) iooia 6jaquapueA S UBLUIJO (0002) (6660 9|B0 S MIB9H auÄBd (666 O !UBJo6u!H S aa[jaLj|ni^ -?†¢ -y -7-?†¢ -y (1.002) uosuog pue suueui -?†¢ ~y (1.002)^SWBH S lUBMBJO ~7-?†¢ -?†¢ -?†¢ -?†¢ -y -?†¢ (866l.)|Bà ­a.iaunjg -?†¢ CO t ^ -y ( ¿66l)J8lieM8SUjng (966l†¢)oeL^S8OB^s -y (9661.) uBUjJio S UBUBJi -y (S66l.)weM0!ays;jaqi!9 -y (9661-) sjauiujns s eqjapod -?†¢ -y m ( £661.) ueuuaig -y -y 5 a. n O (1-661-) jaoiBH S uopjoo sjaA|/\| ~y -y ~y -y (1.661.) sjaÄ|/\l8uopjoo -y ~y -y -y -?†¢ -?†¢ -y ~y -y -y to -y 00

The Life of Jonathan Swift Essay Example for Free

The Life of Jonathan Swift Essay Life has always been filled with people who have given much in their lives to contribute to the betterment of society. They surpass the boundaries that have been set by the government and the people around them, just to make a difference in the world. One of these people was Jonathan Swift. Jonathan Isaac Bickerstaff Swift was born on November 30, 1667 in Dublin, Ireland. He was the only son and second child of Abigaile Erick Swift and Jonathan Swift. Since he was named after his father, he was often called Jonathan Junior or simply Junior. Before he was born, Jonathan’s father died. His other relatives were of great assistance just so he could have a good education (Incompetech website, n. d. ). In 1686, he was able to graduate from Trinity College in Dublin. He immediately went to England to open new doors, and was fortunate enough to be accepted as the secretary of Sir William Temple. Living with Sir William paved way for Jonathan to meet a young lady, who later became an important part of his life. He met Esther Johnson and became her tutor. In between his sessions, he would scribble down his thoughts and ideas, but eventually burned them. Upon Sir William’s death, Jonathan was jobless and eventually became a fashionable satiric writer for Dublin (Incompetech website, n. d. ). Soon after, Stella, as he fondly called her, moved to Ireland just so she could be near him. Their relationship was a source of all gossips in town, because of their difference in age. Some said that the two lovers were even married in 1716. When Stella died in 1728, Jonathan Swift was desolated, and hid a lock of the lady love’s hair in his things until the day he died (Pegasos, 2000). His political ambitions were never taken aside. When Queen Anne was in position, Jonathan became the vicar of Kilroot. He then wrote for the Tattler, a newspaper, from 1708-1709. His writing skills were tested further when he became one of the founders of the Scriblerus Club. He worked together with the Pope, Congreve, and Robert Harley (Pegasos, 2000). The years 1713 – 1742 were the years when Jonathan was dean of the St. Patricks Cathedral. He became deaf in his early twenties, and many people thought that he was insane. During one of his conversations with Edward Young, he said that he would be mentally incapacitated when he reached the age of fifty. Basically he was ready to face this mentally challenging state early on in his life (Pegasos, 2000). He died on October 19, 1745 in Dublin Ireland due to Alzheimers disease. He died leaving behind his legacy through the numerous poetries and proses written in pamphlets (Pegasos, 2000). 1726 was another great year for Jonathan Swift. This was the time when he wrote and published the famous prose entitled, Gullivers Travels. At first reading, the book may be classified as a childrens book, although the writer had an underlying meaning behind each even in Gullivers life. The book showcased most of Jonathans feelings and emotions about the social problems at that time (Incompetech website, n. d. ). One of Jonathans works was evident in the proposal he wrote about the children in 1729. Entitled, â€Å"A Modest Proposal: For Preventing The Children of Poor People in Ireland From Being Aburden to Their Parents Or Country, and For Making Them Beneficial to The Public† (Art-Bin, n. d. ), focused on how the children of their time suffered the hardships in life. From the title alone, we can see that Jonathan wanted the children to live normal lives before they had to endure the hardships and realities of life. His main purpose in writing the proposal was to help uplift the lives people had in their society at that time. He had no children of his own, so the proposal he wrote was not of great bearing to his life. All he wanted was for people to first realize that the children should not be placed in situations that could ruin their lives, and eventually their futures (Art-bin, n. d). Although Jonathans book, Gullivers Travels, was well received by many, he always stood for his beliefs and oppositions on the inequalities of the government towards his native land. When he finally decided to run for politics, he kept his distance form the Whig and Tory parties. He wanted to be individually known for his works and accomplishments, other than the association that may be given to him by either parties. His writings were mostly satiric, meaning they made use of sarcastic words, and exposed the hard realities of their life at that time. Although the book was creative in manner and well suited for children, many were alarmed by his writings, for they opened new ideas for people (Westchester University, n. d. ). His writings were not only isolated to proses. He also participated in writing papers involving ecclesiastical matters, such as the â€Å"Three Sermons and Prayers†, which he wrote in 1744. Some of his other works were included in his book, The â€Å"Writings on Religion and the Church†, which was finally published in 1898 (Merriman, 2008). It was said that Jonathan had published a collection of his works three years before he slipped into senility. Eventually, he suffered from a paralytic stroke in 1738. The people close to him started to care for the ill Jonthan Swift. In 1742, his belongings and affairs were soon cared for by appointed guardians (Victorian Web, 2000). His life was lived to the fullest, and he made sure that people remembered him as someone who had hoped for the upheaval of society in Ireland. He left behind his legacy through the numerous poetries and proses he wrote in pamphlets. He died on October 19, 1745 in Dublin Ireland due to Alzheimers disease. (Pegasos, 2000). Jonathans remains were laid beside his beloved wife, Stella, inside the St. Patricks Cathedral in Dublin, Ireland (Merriman, 2008). With his own epitaph written, Jonathan became successful in accomplishing his dreams of being a well known person. He is in fact, forever remembered by his countrymen and of the whole world, forever. Jonathan Swift may have suffered before he died, but he was able to open the eyes of the people to the reality that was happening right before their eyes. He was an enemy to some, but an inspiration for many. His works will forever be present to inspire us and the children of the future to go on and be someone. References (. n. d. ). Jonathan isaac bickerstaff swift. Incompetech. Retrieved May 2, 2008 from http://incompetech. com/authors/swift/. West Chester University. (n. d. ). Jonathan swift: A modest proposal 1729. Retrieved May 2, 2008 from http://courses. wcupa. edu/wanko/LIT400/ireland/jonanthan_swift. htm (2007). Ireland. MSN encarta. Retrieved May 2, 2008 from http://encarta. msn. com/encyclopedia_761566701_9/Ireland. html. (n. d. ). A modest proposal. The art bin origo. Retrieved May 3, 2008 from http://art-bin. com/art/omodest. html (2000). Books and writers. Pegasos. Retrieved May 3, 2008 from http://www. kirjasto. sci. fi/jswift. htm (2000). A chronology of jonathan swifts life. The victorian web. Retrieved May 5, 2008 from http://www. victorianweb. org/previctorian/swift/chron. html. Merriman, C. D. (2008). Jonathan Swift. The literature network. Retrieved May 5, 2008 from