Global Supply Chain Managment (A critical analysis of a retail Essay

Worldwide Supply Chain Managment (A basic examination of a retail organizations flexibly affixes and their capacity to climate the current financial atmosphere) - Essay Example The organization is additionally probably the biggest exporter and has its branches in different parts in different nations where it has extended its business effectively. The different items that the organization have resemble Lux, Wheel, Rin, Surf exceed expectations, Kwality Wall’s for frozen yogurt segment and so forth and a lot more brands in the classification of tea, espresso, cleansers, individual consideration items, dessert. To have such a decent and wide system the organization has a decent gracefully chain the board framework. In this report the gracefully chain system of the organization and its significance in the business procedure of the organization is been seen utilizing different speculations and ideas of flexibly chain the executives. The powerful utilization of gracefully chain and the procedure for usage of productive flexibly chain is been broke down in this article. For such a colossal organization like Hindustan Unilever it needs to have a compelling gracefully chain the executives and have a decent command over the flexibly chain arrange. The organization has a decent gracefully chain arrange and distinctive for towns and diverse for the urban communities. There are barely any issues identified with the flexibly chain system of the organization which can influence the organization and furthermore is influencing the organization in a tremendous manner. With the developing rivalry the organization needs to have a blunder free gracefully chain arrange so it can catch the vast majority of the piece of the overall industry (James, Rowland-Jones and O’Brien, 2004, pp. 56-64). The issues that are influencing the flexibly chain system of the organization are been recorded underneath. Order’s are not getting satisfied appropriately as each retail shop is discovering lack of a few or the other specific item in their stores. This inaccessibility of thee item does influences the organization as the clients will in general purchase other brand items and HUL looses clients along these lines. This likewise makes the retailer to be less keen on selling other HUL items and he/she likes

Rational choice theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Sound decision hypothesis - Essay Example In particular, sound decision hypothesis additionally guarantees that the leader knows all the potential other options and that s/he settles on a choice in the wake of assessing them all (Heath 2001). Dynamic procedure in associations can be recognized as automatic†standard choices made in agreement to built up controlling principlesâ€or non-programmedâ€choices requiring new and imaginative arrangements (White 2006). Besides, choices fluctuate with respect to the degree of hazard present, running from those wherein the aftereffects of a choice are genuinely distinct to those wherein results are impressively inconclusive. Uncertain conditions are conveys as likelihood proclamations got from either abstract or target realities (Heath 2001). Discerning decision hypothesis depicts chiefs as efficiently scavenging around suitable and significant data to settle on the most ideal choice. This article will examine the premises of objective decision hypothesis, its suggestions on administrative dynamic, and the legitimacy of the contention that ‘individuals are sound and typically go about as augmenting entrepreneurs’. Reasonability is venerated in the Western world. A sound decision is one that emerges in organized strategies and expands a worth, in any case on the off chance that it is attractiveness, controllability, unwavering quality, proficiency, uprightness, or any of various different qualities (Goodin 1998). Recognition of any worth requires maintaining one option over another. As indicated by reasonable decision hypothesis there are significant strides to settling on an objective choice (Allingham 2002). The undertaking is as essential as a definitive choice, because of the way that each progression bears a chance to reexamine the limited and boosted values (Allingham 2002). The initial step is issue definition. This involves recognizing key factors viable and investigating the

Polymorphism Adversely Responding to ACE †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about the Polymorphism Adversely Responding to ACE. Answer: Introducrion: Mr. Tim Hewson is a 61 yr. old male patient who remains in Mawson. He is experiencing Hypertension, ischemic Heart Disease and Gastro esophageal Reflux (GERD). He has a background marked by ischemic stroke that happened a half year prior, is a widow without any kids and lives alone. Hypertension is portrayed by interminable raised BP. GERD is where the esophageal sphincter is irregular prompting introduction of indigestion and spewing forth. Ischemic coronary illness presents with essentially angina because of coronary inadequacy (Marie Visvikis-Siest, 2018). He is under the accompanying treatment; Lisinopril 20mg, Frusemide 40mg, Aspirin 150mg, Cymbalta 60mg nocte, panadol 1g PRN, Ibuprofen 400mg TDS, Nexlum 40mg, Coloxyl and Senna 2 tablets. Lisinopril is an ACE inhibitor and is utilized to oversee hypertension (Wu, Yang, Chang Wei, 2016). Frusemide is a diuretic and is utilized to treat hypertension and coronary illness. Anti-inflamatory medicine is utilized in the treatment of ag ony and irritation that may result because of the ischemic coronary illness. Nexlum (esomeprazole) is utilized in treatment of reflux and indigestion by decreasing corrosive creation. Ibuprofen is a NSAID and work to alleviate torment and aggravation, side effects of coronary illness (Packer, Anker, Butler, Filippatos Zannad, 2017). Cymbacta is an energizer that can be utilized to treat interminable agony. Panadol is utilized to soothe gentle torments, for example, migraines that may result because of hypertension (Maumus, 2018)Coloxyl and senna are intestinal medicines that mollifies stool consequently encouraging gastric exhausting henceforth diminishing manifestations of reflux. Mr. Tims indications are enduring and he is likewise enduring unfriendly response because of treatment. It appears Jim has not been totally consistent to the prescription and the general estimates prompted with respect to his condition. As a network wellbeing medical caretaker, I would demand Tim to disclose to me his dietary patterns and medication taking recurrence. With respect to GERD, Tim should know that he should utilize a major pad while dozing and he ought not rest following eating (Scarpellini, Ang, Pauwels, Santis, Vanuytsel Tack, 2016). He ought to likewise keep away from acidic suppers. Inability to agree to the measure prompts declining side effects. During evaluation of the conditions, the prompts anticipated; torment on the chest, migraines, edema, objections of indigestion and reflux. The data required is having earlier information about the conditions, encouraging components, the board and general proportions of anticipation in the network. As a network wellbeing attendant, I will be wanted to complete a physical test and come out with need nursing care plan. The following spotlight will be on the wellbeing instruction (Sacks, Alva, Magalona Vesel, 2015). I will instruct Tim on the measures in accomplishing solace and agony free and how to limit confusions. Because of the proceeded with utilization of NSAIDs, the side effects of GERD are industrious. Tim is likewise thought to be taking suppers not long before sleep time and high acidic dinners. This is the purpose behind steady side effects. Because of the ceaseless utilization of Ibuprofen, this has expanded the hypertension manifestations and coronary illness. Asprin increments of the danger of gastrointestinal seeping in situations where GERD has prompted ulceration. Esomeprazole acts after an extensive stretch of time as long as 4 days. During this period, the indications of reflux and acid reflux are constant. Lisinopril in its activity it can compound the side ef fects of coronary illness, for example, chest torment and hack. It likewise declines the cerebral pain that might be available since the patient is experiencing hypertension. The primary explanation behind taking a network visit is to have the option to arrive at patients who can't visit an office. In the network, one I ready to analyze it as one, recognize the regular issue thus making a network conclusion. The objective of the visit is to assess the nursing mediations for Tim and evaluate the requirement for rethinking. Preceding this visit one must know about the historical backdrop of Tim, the treatment system and the patient focused administration. In the evaluation, I would survey the essential signs to guarantee whether they are inside typical extents. I would screen the side effects and check on the off chance that they are settling or fluctuating and counsel the emotional idea of the patient. I will likewise survey the word related changes and adjustment most definitely. Tims side effects are declining and this may prompted inconveniences. I would prescribe him to visit a doctor for a test and reevaluate more tests, hospitalization and change of meds. References Marie, P. Y., Visvikis-Siest, S. (2018). Do we need demonstrative methodologies improved with hereditary data for ischemic coronary illness?. Maumus, M. (2018). Comprehending Americas Prescription Epidemic: Pathophysiology, Ethics, Chronic Pain, and Addiction. In Clinical Approaches to Hospital Medicine (pp. 181-200). Packer, M., Anker, S. D., Butler, J., Filippatos, G., Zannad, F. (2017). Impacts of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with cardiovascular breakdown: proposition of a novel instrument of activity. JAMA cardiology, 2(9), 1025-1029. Sacks, E., Alva, S., Magalona, S., Vesel, L. (2015). Looking at areas of network wellbeing medical caretaker fulfillment and inspiration: results from a blended strategies pattern assessment in provincial Ghana. HR for wellbeing, 13(1), 81. Scarpellini, E., Ang, D., Pauwels, A., De Santis, A., Vanuytsel, T., Tack, J. (2016). The board of obstinate common GERD side effects. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 13(5), 281.Springer, Cham. Wu, S. J., Yang, Y. H., Chang, H. W., Wei, C. C. (2016). Pharmarcogenetic Mechanism of ACE I/D Polymorphism Adversely Responding to ACE Inhibitors in Regulating the ACE Promoter Activity in Neurons. Alzheimer's Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 12(7), P856.

Medical School Application Essays - Kimchi-Inspired Essays

Medical School Application Essays - Kimchi-Inspired EssaysOne of the things I like about medical school is that it often requires essays. Because the essay is the first real look the admissions committee has at you, it can be a bit daunting to write a well-written and compelling essay.For those who are simply looking for medical school essay samples that they can use for their own medical school application essays, the most important thing to remember is that it is the theme that will determine whether or not your essay is read. So your best strategy is to find a theme that you are strong in and then to do some research on the topic to make sure that you have covered it. Some things you can start with include topics such as the value of culture and literature in medicine, taking medical terminology seriously, and serving others.Kimchi - Kimchi is not only a popular topic among medical students but also in the food blogging community. This means that if you are using Kimchi as your th eme you will need some excellent essay samples. One of the easiest things to use is a picture of Kimchi and how it is being prepared. Also, it is important to write your essay in a way that makes your readers want to try the meal that you are sharing with them.Online Payments - This is another topic that is really popular among college students and it also has a lot of applications. In this case, it is best to use an essay sample that makes reference to the fact that your essay uses online payments, because this is a common subject matter on many websites that allow people to pay others for the work that they produce. Essay samples with this particular theme should also include links to websites where you can purchase Kimchi in bulk.Japanese Heritage - This theme is closely related to Kimchi and it is another popular topic among the medical community. Medical school applications may also be written in conjunction with a certain other theme such as Jewish or African American. If this is your topic, you will need some great essay samples that go into depth about the various cultural backgrounds of those that live in these countries and the unique contributions that these communities have made to the history of medicine.Science - This is another one of the most popular themes for essays and it also is a great topic for school essays that will be sent to the American or Canadian Association of Medical Colleges or the Harvard University School of Medicine in Massachusetts. The essay should be written in a way that not only looks at the science of the human body but that also takes time to discuss the different theories that doctors have on this topic.Medicine and History - This is another theme that is commonly used by students interested in medicine and medical schools. While Kimchi and Japanese heritage are two good themes for the essay, this theme is also useful in creating space between the admission essay and the doctor's personal biography. This is a very int eresting topic to take up and as a result it is often used as a bridge between the admissions essay and the personal essay.These are just some of the themes that you can use to make your essay stand out from the competition. These are some of the best essay examples for use in medical school applications and this article has provided you with the most current essays.

4 tips for incoming students, from PA Dario Martinez, MIA 15 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

4 tips for incoming students, from PA Dario Martinez, MIA 15 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Today, were sharing with you a post by  Program Assistant Dario Martinez, MIA 15, who wrote about  four  insights from his time at SIPA.   Congratulations to SIPA’s incoming class! Looking back at my two years in the program, I feel blessed to have had the opportunity to meet so many smart and driven individuals, and to have access to outstanding professors. Prior to starting my program, I remember being excited but also determined to succeed at undertaking a very challenging curriculum. Thus, I decided to use my summer to prepare for my journey at SIPA! 1. Read a good book by a Seeple or two During my summer, I traveled and spent time with my family and friends. After working for almost nine years, I knew I needed some time to get ready for two, life-changing years. Some of the books that I read included, The Mystery of Capital: Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and Fails Everywhere Else by Hernando de Soto, The Price of Inequality by Joseph Stieglitz, and the End of Poverty by Jeffrey Sachs. I chose these books because I was interested in learning more about economic development and also to get acquainted with the work of some of SIPA’s outstanding professors. These books gave me a deeper understanding on the importance of the rule of law, the origins of black markets, and the role of foreign investment in the economic development of countries. 2. Math not your strong suit? Then take the Summer Math Tutorial Early in the summer, I remember receiving an email that encouraged students to complete the math tutorial prior to orientation. The math tutorial is a guide provided by SIPA to help students brush up on their math skills. Through conversations with alumni and friends, I learned about the rigorous economic classes that I would undertake. Therefore, I decided to enroll in both SIPAs math class and a private, math-refresher course in Honduras. (I had been out of school for some time and I wanted to ensure that my math skills were up to par.) Although SIPAs  tutorial is not mandatory, it definitely prepared me to undertake quantitative classes such as Economic Analysis I and II, Quantitative Analysis and International Trade. (Note: Youll receive details on the summer math tutorial in June from the Office of Student Affairs.) 3. Use other housing resources I was thrilled to move to New York City, and I was really looking forward to living in such a vibrant city. But I knew that like any change, it would require some work. Securing my housing accommodations was definitely on my top-priority list. Unfortunately, I waited until at the end of May to apply and there were already a high number of applicants on the waiting list. (Although all of my classmates found accommodations, I definitely encourage students to start looking for an apartment as early as possible.) Thus, I began looking  for housing on my own. I searched several housing portals, including Craigslist.com, Zillow.com and ForRent.com. In the end, I was lucky because of one my sisters (whos a SIPA alumna), ex-classmates was looking for roommate and the apartment was 10 minutes from campus. 4. Join the Facebook Group Like many people, I was curious to learn more about my future classmates. Thus, I joined SIPA’s Facebook Group and communicated with many of them through this tool. My classmates came from all parts of the world and the group was very supportive. It was very easy for me to make friends and I felt like I knew some of them prior to starting the academic year. I also remember there were meet-and-greets in different cities across the world. Although I didn’t participate in any event, I heard that people really enjoyed meeting their fellow classmates! Dario Martinez, MIA 15

Doing Business with China - 1650 Words

Doing Business with China (Coursework Sample) Content: Business with China Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name: School Affiliation: From time to time, almost everybody encounters an ethical issue that has to be addressed. Ethical dilemmas result from moral principles and values held by individuals. Intriguingly, what is ethically unacceptable to one individual could be acceptable to another. Further, the situation is made complex by differing theories and models of ethics. While some theories hold that only what is good ought to be done, others state that anything profitable to the majority of people ought to be embraced at all cost. For instance, the case being analyzed in this paper entails ethical issues relating to abortion. The organizationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s motive is continuing offering the much-needed care to the residents of the said province. To do so, abortion operations that are legal could play an integral role in the continuity of the project. Conversely, such an undertaking would mean that the manager would have to allow the firm to proceed with the proposal. This paper analyzes this scenario from different ethical perspectives. Utilitarian perspective Utilitarianism theory is often termed as consequentialism as it focuses on the culmination of a particular decision whenever faced with a moral issue. In short, this approach seldom focuses on the exact action one takes; instead it places emphasis on the eventual results. As long as the results will maximize the benefits, then the theory argues that the morality of an action thus irrelevant (Gandjour, 2007). Though often criticized for seemingly failing to address the cases where innocent people might suffer, the proponents of the theory argue that it tends to benefit a majority of the people. In light of this understanding, a person applying utilitarian theory would go ahead and implement the plan. The reason for the assertion is that by undertaking this project, the clinics would no longer rely on other Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). Additionally, the residents of this province would no longer be turned away for lack of medicines in the facility. The recent deaths resulting from curable diseases would cease. Most importantly, the facilities would achieve its core objective: offering health services to all the residents of this Chinese province. In other words, a utilitarian would approve the plan as it is since it will benefit more people than the number it will hurt. Contrary to the popular belief that utilitarianism disregards morality it indeed does but from a different perspective. To a utilitarian, an action is wrong if the resulting consequences do not benefit a large number of people(Jones, 2015). However, analyzing this Chinese case, a utilitarian would never have a problem with the implementation of this proposal. If the plan does not cater for the large community, a utilitarian will hesitate to implement. However, for this case it is different, and that is why the implementation would not be hesitated upon. Deontologist In contrast, a person applying deontology theory à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"defined first a German philosopher, Immanuel Kant- would seldom approve or implement the proposal to allow abortion operations in this village. The word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"deontologyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ was coined from the Greek term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Deonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ which means duty. Thus, this theory is often called duty-based as it compels an individual to do the right thing as a duty. While utilitarianism seeks to maximize the outcome irrespective of the actions, Deontology argues based on the morality of the action regardless of the outcome (Dougherty, 2011). That is to say, a deontologist would oppose an action deemed as wrong even if the benefits are higher. Often, deontology is concerned with moral absolutism whereby the argument is that one ought to do the right thing always regardless of the outcome. Consequently, given this situation a deontologist would neither approve nor recommend the proposal. First, the organization aims at offering abortion-related services to middle-class women in the area. Though the action itself is legally acceptable, a deontologist would have reservations based on the morality of the action. It is worth pointing that deontology does not necessarily approve something just because it is legally acceptable. Instead, the connection of the situation with the preceding morals determines the action to take. For instance, in this case, a deontologist would argue that the women are not conceiving accidentally. Rather, it is on purpose thus morally unacceptable for abortion to proceed. Despite the high number of patients that will benefit from the proposal, a deontologist will not approve the plan nevertheless. However, a deontologist would still accept this proposal especially when they do not hold the notion of moral absolutism. As indicated, this kind of stance argues that neither the motive nor the consequences of an action can justify an action taken. Non-absolutists concede that some actions might be justifiable based on the motive of the person taking it. For instance, if a gang demands that one reveals the whereabouts of a possible victim lying would be acceptable. In this Chinese village case, even a non-absolutist deontologist would not approve the plan. The reason for this assertion is that the decision of abortion by the women is not under duress or a result of coercion. Virtue perspective In the deontologist, as already explained, a decision maker will stick to that which is universally known to be right. A deontologist views doing the right thing as a duty that one has to adhere to at all times irrespective of the eventual results. Conversely, a utilitarian views something as wrong only when the culmination is negative. That is to say, if the consequences will be positive, the morality of an action is somewhat irrelevant. However, in the case of virtue perspective, a decision maker will be guided solely by their virtues. In the event of deontologist, their focus will be on the agreed ethics and that which is right. For a utilitarian, a decision will be made as per the eventual result. A virtue ethicist, instead, tends to ignore both of these approaches and make a decision based on own established virtues. Typically, virtue ethics has three main strands including eudemonism, ethics of care and agent-based theories. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"eudemonismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is interpreted to mean à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"well-beingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"happinessà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, and virtue ethicists argue that it is the primary goal of life. Further, it is argued that this could be achieved by regularly practicing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"areteà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or merely virtues (Birsch, 2011). Whenever faced with a dilemma, virtue ethicists state that one ought to engage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"phronesisà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, or simply practical wisdom gained with time. Ethics of care emphasizes the need for community, relationship and solidarity as opposed universal standards. Therefore, a virtue ethicist makes a decision based on their inner convictions but is likely to avoid implementing the plan. It is imperative to realize that though a virtue ethicist might steer clear of applying the program this decision would be influenced by consequences or the morality. Instead, the reluctance would emanate from the individually developed virtues and values. It, therefore, means that a virtue ethicist is likely to make a decision that could often lean toward consequentialists and at other times toward deontologists. In essence, a person facing this dilemma will make a decision based on their level of morality. The reason is that it takes time for a moral character to be established; thus some decisions might be made differently. However, upon establishment, a virtue ethicist will be consistent with their decisions (Birsch, 2011). Rights and justice perspective In the rights and justice theory, a decision is made as per the rules set forth by the majority. It is argued that because rights are endorsed by the majority of people in the society, the adherence is a requirement whenever making a decision. Unlike the other three perspectives that tend to focus on morals and values, this theory bases the argument on that which has been approved as acceptable by the majority. In short, while deontology and utilitarianism elevate morals and consequences respectively and virtues elevate values, this approach emphasizes rights. Priority is given to the rights, not morality. Anybody tasked with making a decision using this theory perfectly understands that the people have surrendered some of their freedoms and instead tacitly or explicitly allowed the formulation of the rights. Popularized by John Rawls and seen as an alternative of the utilitarianism and deontology, this theory is often questioned for not clearly explaining the process of crafting the rights. Additionally, the process does not address the objections of the people who might be opposed to some of the agreed rights as it passed by the ma...

Analysis Of The Generation Of Monsters - 972 Words

According to Jenny Strauss Clay, in their journal titled â€Å"The Generation of Monsters in Hesiod,† there is a â€Å"natural hierarchy of men and beasts† (Clay 112). As with any hierarchy, there are usually differences, or in this case â€Å"distinguishing features of the divine, the bestial, and the human,† which instinctively place some creatures above others (Clay 108). In the Greek and Roman myths that we read in class, this hierarchy is clearly shown through the relationship between the gods and monsters. As written in Theogony, all monsters derived from Gaia, however it is their appearances that set them apart from the gods. Clay defines being monstrous as being an anomaly. From birth, a monster â€Å"does not fit into usual classifications, or†¦show more content†¦Thus, there are new standards for all beings. Greek and Roman monsters are hybrid creatures that â€Å"unite normally disparate elements,† like for example, the human and the bestial (Clay 106). It is their distinctive qualities that make them discriminated against. Sometimes, they involve â€Å"a multiplication of human or animal features† or they â€Å"violate fundamental categories, for instance, mortal/immortal, young/old, and male/female† (Clay 106). One example of this in the Aeneid is Cerberus. Once Aeneas and the Sibyl cross the river to get into the underworld, they see this multi-headed dog that guarding the gates. As revealed in Theogony, Cerberus is also the offspring of two monsters, Echidna and Typhon (Hesiod, Theogony, 310-315). Like Clay wrote, the gods would view those who had multiples of the same feature as monsterous. Thus, it makes sense how in the Aeneid, Cerberus is described as having â€Å"three throats,† an â€Å"enormous bulk, and serpents writh[ing] around his neck† (Virgil, Aeneid, p. 198, 6.480-482). Because of this, the gods are fine with using him as a guard. 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Direct Competitors of BestJuice Limited Free Essay Example, 5000 words

The fresh fruit juice customers are more conscious about their health and wellness. In addition, most customers do not price-sensitive when it comes to products touching their wellness. Finally, fresh fruit customers take at least 250ml of fresh fruit juice when they visit a juice store. Residents with families or dependants purchase at least 500ml of fresh juice per serving. The primary customers for BestJuice Limited are people above the age of thirty years who comprise of about 53 percent of Halifax population. This is because the chosen population segment is health-conscious and will not hesitate to purchase products that will boost their health and retard premature aging. Fresh fruit market segment is a growing segment attracting new entrants annually. Higher operating profits, increasing market, and low initial capital requirements are some of the factors that have made the segment attractive to venture. Direct Competitors of BestJuice Limited includes Smoothies and Juice bar, Gin and Juice, Frootique, Booster Juice Bar, Juice eh! and Orange Julius. Most of the above companies are national players and have developed over time. They have established their own customer base from many years in operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Direct Competitors of BestJuice Limited or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now However, in the food court mall where BestJuice Limited intends to establish its business, there are no direct competitors. The first competitor is found two hundred meters away from the mall. Indirect competitors are supermarkets, departmental stores, convenience stores, and food and beverage stores selling similar products. Though they are numerous in Canada, they do not pose direct competition because they largely sell flavored juices. After working in the food industry for over two years, the Assem discovered that most people are turning to organic foods especially fruits and fresh fruit juices due to health and wellness concerns. Most customers who visited the restaurant in Halifax where BestJuice Limited owner worked were always disappointed when they could not find fresh fruit juices.

Eliminating Discrimination in the Workplace Essay

I have been asked to suggest different methods that can reduce discrimination and prejudice in the workplace. Is it possible to make everyone get along and ignore their differences? According to the growing research on discrimination and prejudice, these are learned behaviors that with practice can be unlearned, and ultimately eliminated (Baron Branscombe, 2012, p. 195). Discrimination is defined as the negative treatment of different groups: Prejudice, on the other hand is viewed as the negative emotions or attitudes associated with discrimination (Ramasubramanian, 2010). These two terms go hand in hand because they both can lead to racism; however, that is not suggesting that there is a cause-and-effect relationship between the two†¦show more content†¦Despite that Hispanics are growing in numbers in the United States, there is also more tension between racial and ethnic groups because they are all left to compete against the other (Weaver, 2011, p. 2723). Indeed, researc h confirms that competition allows for prejudice feelings to occur between the in-groups and the out-groups (Bobo Fox, 2003; Dixon et al., 2010). Many researchers agree that one seems to be closer or more cohesive to their own group and associate a sense of pride for each other; on the other hand, they tend to fear the out-group because they are seen as the competitors, the enemies, and the traitors (Ramasubramanian, 2010; Baron Branscombe, 2012; Hirsh Lyons, 2010). Clearly this creates a disconnection between groups, which make them feel a sense of threat for one another, due to this, prejudice feelings and differences become more evident. One of the most common theories that explain why prejudice persists today, as it relates to the workplace, is called realistic conflict theory (Baron Branscombe, 2012). This psychological theory states that prejudice is more frequent when competition arises in a situation where there are limited resources that only one group can claim (Bobo, 1983). However, being that discrimination is a learned behavior, one can conclude that it can be socially influenced; therefore, behavior can be altered by focusing on what is causing the individual to feel inferior or threaten (Bobo Fox, 2003). With that beingShow MoreRelatedEliminating Discrimination In The Workplace Essay examples1694 Words   |  7 Pagesconsultant I have been asked to suggest different methods that can possibly reduce discrimination and prejudice in the workplace. Is it possible however to make everyone get along and ignore their differences? According to the growing research on discrimination and prejudice, these are learned behaviors that with practice can be unlearned, and ultimately eliminated (Baron Branscombe, 2012, p. 195). 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Decision Methods -- SDLC Essay - 800 Words

Great ideas turn into action by first creating a plan of action. There are many decision-making methods than can be used. The SDLC is an excellent way to implement a plan and help make decisions. Brainstorming and using other decision-making tools can also help an idea to grow into action. There are a lot of ways to end an excellent plan. Poor decision making skills and mismanagement can destroy any hopes of a plan reaching its goal. This was true in our scenario. The problem with the employees being in the wrong training class is a good example of a great idea being halted. The remarkable idea to have the business officers decide which classes their employees needed did not work because they were not aware of what the classes offered. 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Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks criminals Free Essays

1.0 Introduction Cyber-attacks have become a significant problem for information systems (IS) worldwide. When referring to information systems, the term cyber-attack is used for denoting a malicious action that aims to result to specific benefit, usually financial, and which is developed through online routes as available in the Internet (Vacca, 2009). We will write a custom essay sample on Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks criminals? or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the UK, the expansion of cyber-crime has been quite rapid the last few years leading to severe financial losses for the victims, individuals and businesses (Cabinet Office, 2011). The graph in Figure 1 shows the cost of the various types of cyber – crime to the UK economy. This paper explores the effectiveness of measures taken by the UK government in regard to the punishment of cyber-crime, aiming to show whether the current initiatives for the UK government for punishing the cyber-crime are sufficient or not. The paper also explains the key characteristics and the value of information systems (IS) security so that the potential of the UK government to secure safety from cyber-crimes is evaluated. I will argue that the UK government does not enough to punish cyber-attacks and criminals. Moreover, the introduction by the government of stricter punishment for cyber-attacks has not resulted to the limitation of this type of crime, as explained below. Figure 1 – Cost of different types of cyber – crime to the UK economy (Cabinet Office, 2011, p.2) 2.0 Security of IS – characteristics and importance Security, as a term, can be related to different fields. In the context of information technology, the term security is used for describing ‘a power system’s degree of risk in its ability to survive imminent disturbances without interruption of customer service’ (Cuzzocrea et al., 2013, p.244). As for the term ‘IT security’, this term refers to three values/ characteristics of an IT system, such as: ‘confidentiality, integrity and availability’ (Katsikas, 2016, p.28). According to Mehdi (2014), the term IS security denotes ‘the protection of IS against unauthorized access’ (p.4310). It is explained that a secure IS can ensure that its data will not be modified or lost (Mehdi, 2014). Also, such system is able to detect early any security threat activating appropriate protection mechanisms (Merkow, 2010). At organizational level, IS security is ensured by using an IS security policy, i.e. a set of rules referring to the securit y standards that would apply in all IS of the organisation involved (Kim and Solomon, 2016). However, the demands of such policy can be many, a fact which is justified if considering the several types of IS threats (Cabinet Office, 2011; Figure 1). Organisations often need to hire an Information System Security Officer (ISSO) for ensuring IS security (Kovachich, 2016). 3.0 The punishment of cyber-attacks and criminals – government initiatives and effects 3.1 Laws and policies focusing on IS security In the UK, the first law addressing cyber – crimes appeared in 1990 and aimed to cover the gaps of existing legislation in regard to the protection of IT systems from cyber-attacks (Emm, 2009). This was the 1990 Computer Misuse Act. The introduction in the UK of a legislative text focusing on cyber-attacks has been highly related to a cyber-attack incident: the unauthorized access, by two cyber-attackers, to BT’s Prestel service in 1984 (Emm, 2009). When dealing with the above case, the court used the 1981 Forgery and Counterfeiting Act, due to the lack of a legislative text focusing on computer-related crimes (Emm, 2009). In May of 2015, the Serious Crime Act 2015 came into action (Eversheds-Sutherland, 2015). The articles 41 up to 44 of the above law introduced stricter punishment for cyber-crimes. More specifically, in the context of the 1990 Computer Misuse Act the imprisonment for serious cyber-crimes could not exceed the 10 years. With the 2015 Act, the imprisonme nt for cyber-crimes has been significantly increased, reaching the 14 years and even, the life sentence in cases of cyber-crimes threatening national security (Eversheds-Sutherland, 2015). This, stricter, punishment for cyber-crimes could discourage cyber-criminals but only if the enforcement of the law was appropriately supported, so that all cases of cyber-crimes are brought before the courts (White, 2016). The National Cyber Security Strategy (CSS) of 2011 has been an effort of the British government to control cyber-crime (Shefford, 2015). The Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT) is a national team that was established in 2014 for helping towards the achievement of the objectives of CSS (Cabinet Office, 2014, p.13). The CERT team provides to organisations in the private and the public sector critical information for the protection from cyber-attacks (Cabinet Office, 2014). Additionally, in the context of CSS, educational initiatives focusing on cyber security are developed by institutions across the UK; these initiatives are funded by the government and aim to achieve two targets: First, to increase the awareness of the public in regard to cyber security. Second, to help individuals to acquire skills which are necessary for supporting cyber security and for facing cyber-attacks (Cabinet Office, 2014; Figure 2). The Cyber Security Challenge (CSC) is a programme developed by the UK g overnment for helping young people to understand the risks from using their cyber skills in the wrong way; the programme includes competitions and other schemes that can motivate young people to use their cyber skills in a proactive way and not for the commitment of cyber – crimes (National Crime Agency, 2017). Figure 1 – Initiatives/ measures of the National CSS for facing cyber-crime (Cabinet Office, 2014, p.22) 3.2 Cyber-attack incidents in governmental and non-governmental organisations The number of cyber-attacks against governmental and non-governmental organisations in the UK is continuously increased (White, 2016). From January to October of 2016, 75 cyber-attacks have been reported against banks in the UK, while in 2014 these attacks were just five (White, 2016). In 2013, three individuals in Britain were convicted to jail, from 6 months up to 22 months, for unauthorised access of sensitive private data stored in ‘PayPal, Visa and Mastercard’ (McTague, 2014). The above punishment was considered as too soft compared to the seriousness of the crime. In 2014, the government decided to initiate the modification of existing punishment for cyber-crimes, so that future perpetrators are discouraged from committing a cyber-crime (McTague, 2014). Pultarova (2016) argued that banks in the UK face cyber-attacks quite regularly but they avoid reporting the specific incidents trying to protect their market image. In November of 2016, Chancellor P. Hammond noted that critical infrastructure units of the UK, such as airports and gas facilities, are threatened by ‘cyber-attacking techniques developed by other countries’ (BBC News, 2016). It was noted that the protection from such attacks would be a priority for the UK in order for the country’s security, at national level, to be ensured (BBC News, 2016). In 2011 the general police officer in the e-crime department of Scotland-Yard argued that the punishment of cyber – crimes in the UK is too soft if considering the actual damage that these crimes cause (BBC News, 2011). It was explained that the annual damage on the UK economy from cyber-crimes reaches the ?27bn (BBC News, 2011). In 2016, the National Crime Agency of the UK published a report for showing the status of cyber-crimes, in terms of occurrence/ rate of appearance. According to the above report, the cyber – crime represents a major part of criminal activity in the UK, reaching the 36% among all crim es developed in the UK. At the same time, the crimes related to computer misuse reached the 17% among the country’s total crimes (National Crime Agency, 2016). The above figures and facts indicate the inability of the UK government to control cyber-crime. The introduction in 2015 of stricter punishment for cyber-crimes has been an important initiative by the UK government for controlling cyber-crime. However, this initiative should be combined with other measures, at national and at community level. In a speech in mid-February of 2017, Chancellor P. Hammond noted that in the previous three months a total of 188 severe cyber-attacks had been reported; these attacks aimed to cause severe damage to governmental services, infrastructure and businesses (Cole, 2017). A similar issue has been raised by Lord West of Spithead who noted in 2010 that in 2009 the UK had to face ‘300 significant attacks’ on the IS of the government (Doward, 2010). According to Lord West, this problem had become quite serious, denoting that the UK had been targeted by cyber criminals worldwide, as these attacks seemed to be supported by foreign governments, as Lord West noted (Doward, 2010). The above arguments verify the existence of gaps in the existing national framework for the protection from cyber-attacks, as this framework constitutes the national legislation and national policy for the control of cyber – crime. The facts presented above further verify the inability of the UKâ€℠¢s policy to reduce the occurrence of cyber-crime. Guitton (2012) developed an experiment, using data related to cyber-attacks that occurred between 2003 and 2010 in businesses located in three European countries: Germany, UK and France. It was revealed that the relationship between attribution and deterrence is strong only in cases of individuals of individuals who are aware of the existing legislation for cyber-crime and who can realise the actual effects of their actions. These individuals represented the 1/3 of the cases reviewed by Guitton (2012). In opposition, it was found that most individuals involved in cyber-crimes are not fully aware of the relevant legislation and they tend to ignore the effects of their actions. For these individuals, the control theory which emphasises on the power of attribution, as held by the state, to ensure deterrence is not applied, as Guitton (2012) argued. In the context of the above study, the potential of the British government to control cyber-crime is limited. This fact, even it would be ac cepted, could not affect the view on the government’s efforts to confront cyber-crime. The update of the terms of punishment of cyber-crimes just in 2015 and the lack of effective control mechanisms for identifying and reporting cyber – attacks verify the failure of the government to ensure the punishment of cyber-attacks and criminals. 4.0 Conclusion and Recommendations It is concluded that the UK government does not make enough to punish cyber-attacks and criminals. First, a significant delay has been identified in the introduction of appropriate/ fair penalties. Indeed, the introduction of strict punishment for cyber-crimes took place just in 2015, as explained above. The facts and views presented in this paper lead to the assumption that for many years, the government has avoided confronting cyber-attacks as a criminal activity, a fact that led to the radical increase of cyber-attacks against IS systems in governmental services and in financial institutions. At the same time, IS security has several aspects, meaning that eliminating cyber – crime is rather impossible. The soft punishment framework for cyber-crimes, as used in the past, has led to the severe deterioration of the problem across the UK. The increase of effectiveness of current legislation, as from May 2015, on cyber-attacks could be achieved through certain practices, such a s: First, events and seminars would be organized at community level for informing individuals on the characteristics of cyber-attacks and the available measures for protection; these seminars would also provide guidelines to entrepreneurs in regard to the value of IS security policy, as part of business strategy. Second, incentives would be provided to entrepreneurs for pursuing the certification of their business according to the information security management standards, such as the ISO/IEC 27000 standards. Third, an independent authority would be established for controlling the performance of governmental and non-governmental organisations in regard to IS safety. Finally, the investment on IS security in governmental and non-governmental organisations would be increased. Security frameworks, such as the ‘Intrusion Detection System’ (IDS), could be employed in these organisations for ensuring IS security in IS systems that manage and store high volume of private data (Stair and Reynolds, 2015, p.460). 5.0 Personal reflections This project has been related to a critical issue: the findings in regard to the study’s subject have been contradictory. More specifically, the UK government has tried to confront cyber-attacks through legislation and relevant policies but the punishment for these crimes has been characterised as soft, at least up to 2015, while the number of cyber-attacks in the UK is continuously increased. Under these terms, I had to face a dilemma: how should the performance of the UK government in facing cyber-crime would be evaluatedBy referring to the initiatives taken or by emphasising on the actual results of these initiativesReflection has helped me to face the above problem. Indeed, reflection can help the researcher to have ‘an objective sense of things’ (Gillett et al., 2013, 85). Moreover, using reflection I tried to estimate the balance between the positive and negative aspects of government’s efforts to punish cyber-crime and to understand which aspect of t he government’s strategy against cyber-crime is more related to the research question: this paper aims to explain whether the government has done enough on the punishment of cyber-crime. Through reflection, I understood that the occurrence of cyber-attacks in the UK should be preferred as the criterion for answering the research question. Ventola and Mauranen (1996) explained that reflection can help the researcher to identify the research findings that are closer to the research question, a fact that allows the researcher to use the right material for answering the research question. Additionally, I used reflection during the development of the study for managing time and for tracking research gaps, which have been covered after the completion of the project. The above tasks have been supported by a research diary (Day, 2013), in the form of notes, where daily progress in regard to research and writing was reported. Thus, the use of reflection while developing this project h elped me to control risks, in regard to the project’s structure and content, and to manage time more effectively, covering all aspects of the research question. 6.0 References BBC News (2016) UK must retaliate against cyber-attacks says chancellor. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-37821867 [Accessed 15 March 2017]. BBC News (2011) Cyber criminals ‘should get tough sentences’ say police. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-15680466 [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cabinet Office (2011) The cost of cabinet crime. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/60943/the-cost-of-cyber-crime-full-report.pdf [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cabinet Office (2014) The UK Cyber Security Strategy. Report on Progress and Forward Plans. Available from: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/386093/The_UK_Cyber_Security_Strategy_Report_on_Progress_and_Forward_Plans_-_De___.pdf [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cole, H. (2017) UK Government and businesses are hit by two ‘serious’ cyber-attacks a day. The Sun. Available from: https://www.thesun.co.uk/news/2857508/uk-government-and-businesses-are-hit-by-two-serious-cyber-attacks-a-day/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Cuzzocrea, A., Kittl, C., Simos, D., Weippl, E. and Xu, L. (2013) Availability, Reliability, and Security in Information Systems and HCI: IFIP WG 8.4, 8.9, TC 5 International Cross-Domain Conference, CD-ARES 2013, Regensburg, Germany, September 2-6, 2013, Proceedings. New York: Springer. Day, T. (2013) Success in Academic Writing. Oxford: Palgrave Macmillan Doward, J. (2010) Britain fends off flood of foreign cyber-attacks. The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2010/mar/07/britain-fends-off-cyber-attacks [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Emm, D. (2009) Cybercrime and the law: a review of UK computer crime legislation. SecureList. Available from: https://securelist.com/analysis/publications/36253/cybercrime-and-the-law-a-review-of-uk-computer-crime-legislation/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Eversheds-Sutherland (2015) Will the Serious Crime Act 2015 toughen the UK’s cybercrime regimeAvailable from: http://www.eversheds-sutherland.com/global/en/what/articles/index.page?ArticleID=en/tmt/Serious_Crime_Act_2015_May2015 [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Gillett, A., Hammond, A. and Martala, M. (2013) Inside Track to Successful Academic Writing. Essex: Pearson Education. Guitton, C. (2012) Criminals and Cyber Attacks: The Missing Link between Attribution and Deterrence. International Journal of Cyber Criminology, 6(2), pp.1030-1043. Katsikas, S. (2016) Information Systems Security: Facing the information society of the 21st century. New York: Springer. Kim, D. and Solomon, M. (2016) Fundamentals of Information Systems Security. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kovachich, G. (2016) The Information Systems Security Officer’s Guide: Establishing and Managing a Cyber Security Program. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. McTague, T. (2014) Computer hackers face life in prison under new Government crackdown on cyber terrorism. Mail Online. Available from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2649452/Computer-hackers-face-life-prison-new-Government-crackdown-cyber-terrorism.html [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Mehdi, K. (2014) Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology. Hershey: IGI Global. Merkow, M. (2010) Security Policies and Implementation Issues. Sudbury: Jones Bartlett Publishers. National Crime Agency (2017) Cyber – crime: preventing young people from being involved. Available from: http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/crime-threats/cyber-crime/cyber-crime-preventing-young-people-from-getting-involved [Accessed 15 March 2017]. National Crime Agency (2016) Cyber – Crime Assessment 2016. Available from: http://www.nationalcrimeagency.gov.uk/publications/709-cyber-crime-assessment-2016/file [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Pultarova, T. (2016) UK banks under constant cyber-attack but don’t report incidents. Engineering Technology. Available from: https://eandt.theiet.org/content/articles/2016/10/uk-banks-under-constant-cyber-attack-but-dont-report-incidents/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Shefford, M. (2015) What is the UK government doing about cybersecurityDatonomy. Available from: http://datonomy.eu/2015/04/01/what-is-the-uk-government-doing-about-cybersecurity/ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. Stair, R. and Reynolds, G. (2015) Fundamentals of Information Systems. 8th ed. Belmont: Cengage Learning. Vacca, J. (2009) Computer and Information Security Handbook. Burlington: Morgan Kaufmann. Ventola, E. and Mauranen, A. (1996) Academic Writing: Intercultural and textual issues. John Benjamins Publishing. White, L. (2016) British banks keep cyber-attacks under wraps to protect image. Reuters. Available from: http://uk.reuters.com/article/us-britain-banks-cyber-idUKKBN12E0NQ [Accessed 15 March 2017]. How to cite Does the government do enough to punish cyber-attacks criminals?, Essay examples

Relationship Management on Project Performance †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Management on Project Performance. Answer: Introduction Project management is the guideline for the planning, initiation, control, execution, and closing of the work for any particular team for the achievement of the distinct objectives and goals and thus meeting the specific success criteria within a specific time period (Bredillet 2008). A project is the temporary attempt that is designed for the production of a unique service, product or result that has a definite start and ending point. The main challenge of the project management is to attain the objectives and goals within the provided constraints of the project (Burke 2013). The information of the project management is normally described in the documentation of the project that is being created at the starting of the process of development. The primary or the main constraints of a project are time, scope, budget and quality (Kerzner 2013). The secondary constraints of the project include the probable challenges or problems for the optimization of the allocation of the required inpu ts and the applying them for reaching the previously defined objectives. The object of the project management is for producing a completed project that complies with the objectives of the clients. Projects are executed by several organizations or businesses (Larson and Gray 2013). The management of the production of the projects is done by the discipline known as project management. The following report outlines a brief description about the six articles of project management by Christophe N. Bredillet. This report helps to understand the overall review of the six papers of project management by Christophe N. Bredillet. The report identifies the context of the project management research agenda and the different perspectives and the development of the research agenda literature. Comparison and Discussion of Six Papers in a series by Christophe N. Bredillet published in Project Management Journal Modern project management initiated as an subsidiary of operations research, with the adoption of techniques of optimization, developed in that field, however has subsequently widened so that at least the nine schools of thought in project management can be easily identified (Bredillet 2008). For supporting these particular developments, the project management research community requires to be a complete and recognized part of the academic community in management, so that academics in the subject can receive complete recognition for their work and the others are encouraged to track research in the specific related areas (Unger et al. 2012). Identification of different perspectives in this research agenda. There are nine different perspectives used in the research agenda. They are as follows: i) Optimization School: Modern project management has the roots in the field of the operations research of the 1940s and 1950s (Bredillet 2008). Optimization tools like the techniques of network scheduling that includes the critical path methods or CPM and program evaluation and review technique or PERT. Both of these reflect the genesis of the modern project management in the management science or in decision sciences field. ii) Modelling School: Modern project management thoughts progressed from the optimization of one or two objectives like cost and time to modelling of the entire system of project management and also the interactions among the components of the system. Governance School: The governance school had two bursts of activities (Bredillet 2008). The first burst of activity investigated about the relationship between the project management and contract management, whereas the second burst of activity looked at the procedures of governance on a particular project and in an organization that is project oriented. iv) Behaviour School: The behaviour school is apparently associated with the governance school and it takes as its premise that the project as a temporary organization is a social system, and it includes various areas that are focused on organizational behaviour or OB, communication, team building and leadership, and recently HRM or human resource management. v) Success School: The success school focuses on the success and failure of the project. Project success literature describes two main and important components of project success (Bredillet 2008). They are as follows: a) Project success factors: The elements of a project that can be influenced to increase the likelihood of success; the independent variables that make success more likely. b) Project success criteria: The measures by which the successful outcome of a project is judged is known as project success criteria. vi) Decision School: This particular school focuses on the factors that are relevant to the initiation, approval, and funding of projects, as well as factors relevant to project completion, termination, and conclusions about their success or failure (Bredillet 2008). This approach addresses economic, cultural, and political rules that cause investments in projects. Process School: This school became popular in the late 1980s, particularly in Europe (Bredillet 2008). The focus is on defining structured processes from the conceptual start of the project to achieving the end objectives. Contingency School: This school recognizes the difference between different types of projects and project organizations, considers the approaches most suitable for various project settings, and adapts project management processes to the needs of the project (Bredillet 2008). It stresses that every project is different, and so the management approach and leadership style adopted need to be adapted to the needs of the project. ix) Marketing School: This school focuses on the management of early phases of projects, identification of stakeholders and client needs, stakeholder management, formation of project organizations, interactions between clients and contractors, and internal marketing of the project to the organization (Bredillet 2008). Identification of the development of research agenda literature. The European Academy of Management or EURAM has had a significant track on the project management at all of the seven of its conferences that started from 2001 (Leach 2014). The practice of management, the academic community, and the world economy would be more enriched if project management were taken more seriously (Turner 2016). The first methodology is an unstructured and explorative search of the literature about all the alternatives to the classical view initiated this study (Todorovi? et al. 2015). It is discovered that the rethinking initiative in the United Kingdom early on in the initial process. The knowledge about the process in United Kingdom is sought out, as well as all the other ways to rethink about project management, in an explorative fashion that provided everybody with knowledge about the field and a foundation for further studies (Bredillet 2008). Through the initial process, it is found twenty six different articles, textbooks, and many more to be relevant, offering new alternative perspectives and new insights into the traditional approach (Walker 2015). Productive research normally address the factors affecting the first estimates of time and cost that is needed for the accomplishment of the project objectives to the level of the expected quality and the methods for handling deliberatel y optimistic estimates and improvement of such estimates. The Journal of Management does not have project management as one of its subject areas, although it does have technology management and the operations management (Unger et al. 2012). This particular unstructured literature review sometimes becomes a major problem, as it does not follow a proper and a structured pattern. The second methodology is the framework for the structured literature review (Nicholas and Steyn 2017). This is a more systematic and structured approach than the unstructured and explorative literature review. This type of literature review requires an explicit research method, which utilizes literature as the input. This does not utilize questionnaire, interviews or observations as the inputs (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). There are certain steps for this particular approach. The steps for this method are as follows: i) Planning of the Review: The review is planned in the first step, as without this planning it is impossible to complete this methodology. ii) Clarification of the Scope: The second step of this systematic methodology is the clarification of the scope and the conceptualization of the topic. Searching, Evaluation and Selection of the Review: The literature review is searched, evaluated and selected in the third step of the systematic methodology (Larson and Gray 2013). iv) Analysis of the Selected Literature Review: Once the literature review is selected, the review is analyzed in the fourth step of the systematic methodology. v) Reporting and Disseminating: Finally, in the fifth or the last step of the systematic methodology, the reporting and the disseminating is done. This particular methodology is extremely useful and beneficial as it follows a proper and systematic structure or pattern for the literature review. There are eventually four typical phases that is utilized in the structured literature review (Bredillet 2008). Although it is possible to separate the phases analytically, the actual research process was iterative, however is still presented in a structured manner. The four phases of the structured literature review are as follows: This review scope is normally focused on the outcomes of the research study and the theories of the rethinking literature (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The coverage of the systematic literature review was more comprehensive with the purpose of the inclusion of the most of the literature within the scope that is defined. It is possible to describe the literature of the project management as either classical project management or rethinking project management (Bredillet 2008). However, these two mentioned categories are not all inclusive and monolithic. The intention of the present review is for presenting the assessment of the alternative perspectives, which are emerged for the rethinking project management in the United Kingdom (Todorovi? et al. 2015). For this reason, the outset of the current study was the identification of key terms and topics from the United Kingdom study that could be utilized in further search processes (Nicholas and Steyn 2017). Initially, the major concepts are decided. The major concepts that are decided include rethinking project management and reinventing project management. In the second phase, the objective was the creation of the search process, which would encompass the literature from the initial search process in the phase one and capture the appropriate literature (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). Eventually, the proper and the significant search strings are identified through the initial study. This initial study was a highly iterative process. The first inclusion of the third phase is the core of the conceptualization of the rethinking project management is the United Kingdom based network initiative that is documented in the special problem on rethinking project management (Martinelli and Milosevic 2016). The second inclusion of the third phase is the next area that share several ideas with the initiative of United Kingdom like the broader conceptualization beyond simple execution and seeing the projects as temporary organizations that are embedded in wider environments and in the permanent organizations (Walker 2015). This area includes various pa pers taking temporary organizations as their outset. The third inclusion of the third phase is the projects as practice papers. These papers are included as they make on the actuality of the theme of the projects from the initiative of United Kingdom (Bredillet 2008). There is a high criticism between classical project management and rethinking project management thinking; although there are some writings that rethinking project management is better amongst the two. Phase 4: The analysis of the literature review is divided into two coding processes (Hill 2013). At first, the inductive analysis is being conducted with the objective of the identification of the overarching of the topics and then gradually categorizing each contribution within one of the associated categories. Six categories are identified in this process (Mir and Pinnington 2014). Although some contributions touched upon different categories, each contribution was only associated with the main category of the contribution. Critical analysis for research agenda The six papers by Christophe N. Bredillet demonstrate that project management is the developing field for academic study in management of substantial richness and diversity that can create a valuable contribution to the development of management knowledge, as well as being of considerable economic importance (Leach 2014). The six papers review the considerable development and trends of research in the subject that has been categorized into nine major schools of thought like optimization, modelling, governance, behaviour, success, decision, process, contingency, and marketing (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). According to Blomquist et al. (2010), research on any project is not only an immature field of research, however, it is also frail when it comes to understanding what occurs in projects. The authors have contributed to make project management research matter to the academic as well as to the practitioner by developing a project as practice approach, in alignment with the ongoing debate in social science research. According to Svejvig and Andersen (2015), the results of a structured review of the rethinking project management or RPM literature based on the classification and analysis of 74 contributions and in addition take a critical look at the new world. Winter et al. (2006), tells about the story of a UK Government-funded research network called Rethinking Project Management, funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council between 2004 and 2006. Winter et al. (2006) state that an important development in project management in recent years has been the emergence of a new class of projects, in areas such as organisational change and IT, integrated business solutions, and long-term public service delivery. According to Packendorff (1995), the theoretical field of project management (PM) can be described as a set of models and techniques for the planning and control of complex undertakings. The six papers or articles have proved that project management helps in achieving the objectives and goals of an organization. The main limitation of these six papers includes the unstructured methodology of literature review. This particular type of methodology becomes a major problem for any specific organization or school as mentioned. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that project management is the method for attaining the goals or objectives of an organization. The theoretical field of project management or PM can be described as the set of techniques and models and for the planning and control of the complex undertakings. Projects have become a significant way for structuring work in most organizations and constituting one of the most significant organizational developments. First, rethinking project management or RPM is a diverse research area and a literature review can offer useful input to the conceptualization of the rethinking project management concept by establishing a more integrated view and setting boundaries. Second, an understanding of the development of rethinking project management over time makes it possible to elucidate rethinking project management with all its sub versions from a broader historical perspective, enabling us to see how the components of the current stock w ere added and basically how one can arrive at the current situation. The above report provides a brief description about the six articles by Christophe N. Bredillet. The report critically reviews the six articles. A brief description about the various methodologies is also provided in the report. References Blomquist, T., Hllgren, M., Nilsson, A. and Sderholm, A., 2010. Project?as?practice: In search of project management research that matters.Project Management Journal,41(1), pp.5-16. Bredillet, C.N., 2008. Exploring research in project management: Nine schools of project management research (part 4).Project Management Journal,39(1), pp.2-6. Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Fleming, Q.W. and Koppelman, J.M., 2016, December. Earned value project management. Project Management Institute. Hill, G.M., 2013.The complete project management office handbook. CRC Press. Kerzner, H., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Kerzner, H., 2017.Project management metrics, KPIs, and dashboards: a guide to measuring and monitoring project performance. John Wiley Sons. Larson, E.W. and Gray, C., 2013.Project Management: The Managerial Process with MS Project. McGraw-Hill. Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Martinelli, R.J. and Milosevic, D.Z., 2016.Project management toolbox: tools and techniques for the practicing project manager. John Wiley Sons. Meng, X., 2012. The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), pp.188-198. Mir, F.A. and Pinnington, A.H., 2014. Exploring the value of project management: linking project management performance and project success.International journal of project management,32(2), pp.202-217. Nicholas, J.M. and Steyn, H., 2017.Project management for engineering, business and technology. Taylor Francis. Packendorff, J., 1995. Inquiring into the temporary organization: new directions for project management research.Scandinavian journal of management,11(4), pp.319-333. Rose, K.H., 2013. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide)Fifth Edition.Project management journal,44(3). Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Svejvig, P. and Andersen, P., 2015. Rethinking project management: A structured literature review with a critical look at the brave new world.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.278-290. Todorovi?, M.L., Petrovi?, D.?., Mihi?, M.M., Obradovi?, V.L. and Bushuyev, S.D., 2015. Project success analysis framework: A knowledge-based approach in project management.International Journal of Project Management,33(4), pp.772-783. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Unger, B.N., Kock, A., Gemnden, H.G. and Jonas, D., 2012. Enforcing strategic fit of project portfolios by project termination: An empirical study on senior management involvement.International Journal of Project Management,30(6), pp.675-685. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons. Winter, M., Andersen, E.S., Elvin, R. and Levene, R., 2006. Focusing on business projects as an area for future research: An exploratory discussion of four different perspectives.International Journal of Project Management,24(8), pp.699-709. Winter, M., Smith, C., Morris, P. and Cicmil, S., 2006. Directions for future research in project management: The main findings of a UK government-funded research network.International journal of project management,24(8), pp.638-649.

Only Words Essays - Anti-pornography Feminism, Only Words

Only Words Constitutionally protected speech that is Clearly sexual abuse is discriminating and unconstitutional, therefore, must be restricted speech. Catherine A. MacKinnon, in her book "Only Words" gives persuading evidence that pornography subordinates women as a group through sexual abuse. She says "Protecting pornography means protecting sexual abuse as speech, at the same time that both pornography and it's protection have deprived women of speech, especially speech against pornography (MacKinnon, 9). MacKinnon argues this bye explaining defamation and discrimination, racial and sexual harassment, and equality and speech. Women are sexually abused for the making of pornography. Torture, rape, hot wax dripping over nipples, and murdering women are the tools to produce a product of evil. Literature is the description of these crimes against humanity (emphasized) and cameras are proof of these crimes. On the assumption that words have only a referential relation to reality, pornography is defended as only words-even when it is pictures women had to directly used to make, even when the means of writing are women's bodies, even when a women is destroyed in order to say it or show it or because it was said or shown. (MacKinnon, 12) However, assuming words are only a partial relation to reality would mean we would have to reconsider what reality is. Our wedding vows such as "I do" would be meaningless and a jury could never return a verdict that is only partial to reality. These words are "treated as the institutions and practices they constitute, rather than as expressions of the idea they embody" (Mackinnon, 13) Therefore, if these words of pornography are only words, don't they institutionalize rape? Since pornography is rape on women. Pornography is protected by the First Amendment as free speech, but why? Because the pornographic materials are construed as ideas, and the First Amendment protects ideas. Pornography is commonly brushed of as some product of fantasy for those who buy it. But what about the women who were tortured to make it. Also it is brushed off as simulated. This means that the pain and hurt the women are feeling is just acting. Put a little music and a smile here and there to cover up the pain, and you are portraying to and giving pure pleasure for those who buy the product. Just like fantasizing a death, how do you simulate a death? But discarding pornography as a representation is the most frequent excuse. But how can a murder be justified on terms of representation? (MacKinnon, 27,28) . When one fantasizes about murdering another person, this is premeditation of murder. If he were to express this idea, he would be heard as expressing a threat and penalized. For the obvious reason, publications that are "how to" guides on murdering people are not protected speech. I believe Pornography is the catalyst for premeditation of rape. Pornography flicks are "how to" guides for rape. So why are they legal? His idea is protected, and further more is his threat of "I'm gonna *censored* her", because both are seen as fantasy, but why isn't murder seen as fantasy? Murder is the loss of ones life, but so is pornography when women have been killed to produce it. Pornography is proven to be addicted. When somebody is addicted to premeditating rape, it's only a matter of time before his addiction of premeditation becomes a solid plan. Sexual or racial harassment has been suggested to only be made illegal if only directed at an individual and not a group. "The idea seems to be that injury to one person is legally actionalble, but the same injury to thousands of people is protected speech". (MacKinnon, 51) This would be disparate impact which involves "employment practices that are facially neutral in their treatment of different groups, but that, in fact, fall more harshly on one group than another and cannot be justified by business necessity." (Lindgren & Taub,167) Pornography is disparate impact on women, because of the sexual abuse, and ironically the disparate impact seems to be the business necessity. Under Title Seven's disparate impact treatment concept, pornography is illegal. ( I just have to prove it now) Also, is there not reasonable "harm" (Wolgast, 432, Fem Juris) for a women to visit a place where men are watching a porno and premeditating her rape? Is she not infringed on her First Amendment right to congregate with equal respect. The idea of pornography (pre meditated rape) does not allow her respect. It does not allow respect for women as a whole, living among men as a whole, who have

Sample of Academic and Professional Goals For Physicist Essay

Sample of Academic and Professional Goals For Physicist EssayIn order to craft a sample of academic and professional goals for physicist essay you are going to need to have a couple of ideas that you want to include in your sample. So start with an idea of what you hope to accomplish from writing. It is important that you plan on making this writing assignment from a time when you are completely happy with yourself and ready to do what needs to be done.Next, you need to consider what it is that you are hoping to accomplish in your essay. Some ideas might include how you hope to gain a better understanding of science and how you want to see your career change over the years to come. Another idea might be that you want to use science as a part of your overall education in order to teach and learn more about the world around you. And lastly, you may want to write about why you would like to pursue a career in science in the first place.After you have decided on the main idea, begin to m ake some other very important decisions about your essay. For example, what format will you use? This will depend upon the goals that you have set up for yourself and whether or not you want to write in standard, prose format. Also, if you are going to use a word processor, be sure that you have taken the time to format your text properly.One of the most important parts of writing a sample of academic and professional goals for physicist essay is the use of examples. There are a number of ways that you can approach this, but generally speaking, you should choose three examples that represent a different aspect of your life. For example, you may choose to share an example of your success in school, work, or some area that you consider to be most important to you. Or, you may choose to share an example of your success in a certain career area or even your current job. Either way, these examples should be well thought out and specific to the goals that you have set for yourself.When yo u have written your sample of academic and professional goals for physicist essay, you will want to consider if it is finished. In addition to putting your paper away, you are also going to want to consider if it is likely to be read. That means that you should be sure that you have removed all of the examples that you chose from your sample and all of the examples that you did not choose. After all, these examples may be the things that end up teaching you the most about science and may be the things that prompt you to change your career path.Finally, it is also a good idea to consider a cover letter or other things that you can write that will help you get noticed by potential employers. Writing your own letters can be quite easy. That said, it is a good idea to take a step back and look at some of the best samples that you can find on the Internet. There are many good reasons to choose these samples. For one thing, these samples are often more professionally written and done so w ith more specific goal in mind.These samples will help you get more than just an idea for a sample of academic and professional goals for physicist essay. They will help you to have something that can help you to be noticed by your future employer and you will likely receive a call in a few weeks for an interview. You will also likely want to make sure that you are prepared to answer any questions that the hiring manager may have about your goals for a career in science. That is why it is so important to consider preparing yourself with a sample of academic and professional goals for physicist essay before you get started.